We’re only beginning to understand the role that emulsifiers might play in gut health and digestion, but research is beginning to emerge which suggests a link between those e-numbers and inflammation.

A 2021 study published in the Microbiome journal looking into the impact of food emulsifiers on metabolic syndrome, concluded that “numerous, but not all, commonly used emulsifiers can directly alter gut microbiota in a manner expected to promote intestinal inflammation”. However, it suggested that more clinical trials are needed to differentiate between ‘detrimental’ emulsifying agents and those with no or low impact on the microbiota.

A further study published in the Foods journal in 2022 also found that “certain emulsifiers could contribute to developing metabolic and inflammatory diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota”. But, it also suggested that more studies were needed to conclude whether there may be emulsifiers that have “prebiotics effects […] improving and preventing gut disorders”.

Are emulsifiers bad for us? A nutritionist explains what you need to know about the ultra-processed ingredient