Having a hardworking skincare routine that actually makes a difference and has a long-term positive impact doesn’t have to be complicated.

The main products and ingredients to use are those that are backed up by wealth of clinical data, including SPF (every single day, even if it’s not sunny outside and even if you’re currently sitting indoors all day), vitamin A (also known as retinol) and vitamin C.

It seems we’ve all started to take notice of the latter’s brightening benefits as vitamin C was named the most googled skincare ingredient of 2020. According to online beauty retailer Cult Beauty, “vitamin C” racked up a huge 1,211,000 searches (and counting) and has grown in popularity over the last year.

Here, we run through everything you need to know about the brightening ingredient but before we do, alongside vitamin C, retinol and SPF, I would also recommended incorporating a decent cleanser that doesn’t leave your skin feeling dry or tight (my favourite is a £12.99 option from CeraVe), alongside a basic moisturiser to help hydrate skin as and when required.

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that, when applied each morning, protects against things like free radicals and environmental factors such as pollution. Over time, it works to brighten and even out skin tone.

However, it’s a difficult ingredient to formulate with. So while there seem to be a lot of similar products on the market, not all of them will be quite as effective as each other. “Vitamin C – otherwise known as L-ascorbic acid – is notoriously unstable, so creating a formula that stabilises the molecule as much as possible should be an absolute priority,” says Dan Isaacs, director of research at Medik8.

L-ascorbic acid, sometimes just referred to as ascorbic acid, is the form that has the most amount of research behind it. However there are a few other types that also have the clinical data to back up their efficacy, including sodium ascorbyl phosphate, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, ascorbyl palmitate and ethylated ascorbic acid.

As Isaacs explains, “Ascorbic acid is the gold standard for vitamin C but only stable at a pH less than 3.5. For this reason (the low pH) it can be harsh to skin and cause irritation. As a result, other versions of vitamin C have been developed.”

He goes on to say: “Sodium ascorbyl phosphate is a very stable, water-soluble derivative of ascorbic acid. It is able to penetrate better into the skin than ascorbic acid, and is known to not cause as much irritation. Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate is fat-soluble and therefore better at penetration.

“I believe this is the next best alternative to L-ascorbic acid which is why we use it in our vitamin C range. Finally, ethylated L-ascorbic acid is the ultimate derivative of vitamin C. Highly potent and incredibly stable, ethylated ascorbic acid produces very similar results to pure ascorbic acid, without any of the stability issues. Both water and fat soluble, it is able to protect all parts of the skin as an antioxidant,” he explains.

Images: courtesy of brands